Certain dogs are genetically more prone to separation anxiety than others.

Separation anxiety may suddenly appear in older dogs and may be associated with anticipatory anxiety.

Dogs who have had their basic attachment to their previous owner broken through a surrender situation or death can develop separation anxiety.

Signs of separation anxiety are commonly reported in studies of guide dogs. 

A common history in dogs with separation anxiety includes a previous bond to an owner and then the person, for whatever reason, is taken away from the dog. For this reason, dogs who are adopted from animal shelters are prone to develop separation anxiety.

Making separation fun

Provide a favorite "food puzzle" toy prior to leaving home, as well as at other times during the day (so that the dog does not associate the toy as a departure cue). Food puzzles are chew toys that contain food inside them (e.g., Kong®, Buster Cube®, Xtreme Goodie Toy®, etc.). It's a puzzle for the dog to figure out how to get the food out of the toy. The goal is to get the dog's mind on something stimulating and fun while his or her people are away.

Sending the dog to doggie daycare where he or she can be away from the owner for periods of time in a supervised situation, and having fun, is also recommended. If no daycare is available, look for some other location (e.g., a friend's house) where the dog can have a positive experience away from the owner, to help prevent separation anxiety.

Calm arrivals and departures

Decrease the emotional intensity of greetings and departures to also help prevent separation anxiety. Most people enjoy coming home to a wildly enthusiastic canine greeting. Similarly, many people give their beloved dog an emotional good-bye. These emotional swings related to coming and going are often a part of the problem.

Make your good-byes brief and "no big deal."

Delay greetings until the dog is calm enough to "sit" on Instruction, and then give the dog the attention he or she so richly deserves.

Gradual schedule changes

Sudden, major changes in a pet's life can cause anxiety. If there will be a major change in an owner's schedule or the amount of time the owner will be able to spend with the dog, some thought should be given to making the changeover as gradual as possible. The dog will greatly benefit from preparation.

Seeking additional help

Other signs of stress may be misinterpreted as separation anxiety. Dogs exhibit a great deal of stress due to lack of exercise and mental stimulation. If your dog gets daily exercise, companionship and clear leadership from the humans in the household and severe stress is still exhibited, then your dog may be showing signs of separation anxiety or a medical problem. Contact your veterinarian to assist with proper diagnosis and treatment plan.